The effect of emotional stimuli on static postural stability in adults: A systematic review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Postural stability is fundamental to motor control, daily activities, and motor learning. Emerging research suggests that emotional stimuli may modulate postural responses through neural pathways linking the limbic, vestibular, and motor systems. However, findings on this relationship remain inconsistent, particularly concerning the effects of emotional valence and arousal on static postural stability. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does exposure to emotional stimuli influence postural stability, and how do factors such as stimulus valence, arousal, and individual differences contribute to these effects? METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were performed using predefined keywords on the Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo. Studies published between 2004 and 2024 that investigated the influence of emotional stimuli on postural stability were included. A total of 19 studies met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Several studies suggested an effect of emotional stimuli on postural control; however, statistical support was inconsistently reported. Unpleasant stimuli often increased center of pressure (COP) displacements, particularly in the anterior-posterior direction, while pleasant stimuli had a less pronounced effect. Individual differences, including age, gender, and anxiety levels, modulated postural responses. Contradictory findings regarding the "freezing" response suggest that methodological and cultural factors may influence outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: This review highlights the impact of emotional stimuli on postural stability but also underscores the variability in research methodologies. Standardized protocols, integration of dynamic balance assessments, and objective physiological measures, such as electrodermal activity and heart rate monitoring, are needed to refine our understanding of this relationship. These findings affect clinical assessments, sports performance, and rehabilitation strategies.