https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/1 Faculties 2026-05-25T04:56:02Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3811 Podmíněný trest odnětí svobody: Převládající, nepopsaný, nepřiměřený Drápal, Jakub; Cioffi, Vanessa Adriana; Vanča, Tomáš; Kubů, Ondřej Kniha zkoumá, proč je podmíněný trest odnětí svobody, navzdory kritice a obavám z nespravedlnosti, tak často využívaným nástrojem soudů. Autorský tým pod vedením Jakuba Drápala přináší nový pohled na problematiku a klade důraz na potřebu reformy současné právní úpravy.Publikace rozebírá historický vývoj podmíněného trestu a zasazuje jej do kontextu kriminologických teorií i právní praxe, přičemž čerpá z rozhovorů s třiceti soudkyněmi a soudci. Díky detailní analýze ukazuje, jak rozdílné může být rozhodování soudů v praxi oproti teoretickým principům, což vede k řadě paradoxů. Kniha propojuje pohledy práva a kriminologie a nabízí návrhy, jak problematiku podmíněných trestů upravit, aby lépe plnila svůj účel ve spravedlivém systému.; The suspended prison sentence is the most frequently imposed form of sentence in Czechia, accounting for more than half of all sentences. As a result, it dominates the penal landscape. Despite its prevalence, there is a surprising scarcity of scholarly analysis concerning its historical development, justification, practical application, or the challenges associated with its imposition and revocation. Czechia is not the only European country in this respect: there is a notable lack of recent comprehensive studies on suspended prison sentences across continental Europe, particularly within post-communist countries, where this sanction is very frequently imposed.This book addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive examination of the suspended prison sentence. First, it explores the evolution of this sentence-by examining provisions, jurisprudence, and judicial practices-to understand how it became the predominant form of punishment. It then scrutinizes the current legislative framework and judicial decision-making processes, revealing problems linked to the imposition of suspended sentences and decisions regarding their revocation. Additionally, it presents the perspectives of judges on the various elements of suspended prison sentences.The detailed discussion of the historical context, legal provisions, practical applications, and judicial opinions reveals systemic issues inherent in the use of suspended prison sentences. These issues are further examined through the lens of sanction systems theory and by experimental testing of sentencing inflation (the imposition of longer suspended prison sentences instead of shorter non-suspended prison sentences). The book discloses-from multiple perspectives-that the current form of suspended prison sentences, as implemented in most continental European countries, is fundamentally flawed. It proposes a detailed reform, advocating for the transformation of the suspended prison sentence into a suspended sentence that would explicitly not be a modality of a prison sentence and would be governed by a different set of principles. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3810 Who cares about the rule of law? Citizens’ rule of law priorities in Hungary and the Czech Republic Bakó, Beáta Csilla This article presents a representative empirical study where, instead of rating the importance of specific elements of the rule of law, respondents were asked to set up an order of priority between elements of democracy (majority rule) and the rule of law (counter-majoritarian institutions). The survey was conducted both in Hungary and the Czech Republic: these two countries represent the two extremes within the Visegrád Group regarding the rule-of-law-situation, Hungary being the worst and Czechia the best. In Hungary we can observe a deep tension in terms of priorities, and this basically translates into the government-opposition division: pro-government voters prioritize majoritarian arguments, while most opposition voters prefer counter-majoritarian institutions. In Czechia, on the contrary, counter-majoritarian and majoritarian features of the democratic system are seen in a more balanced way: even voters of populist and far-right parties highly appreciate the prevention of power abuse and a functioning constitutional court. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3809 Automatic Suggestions Help Extending Eventive Ontology: A Case Study on SynSemClass Straková, Jana; Fučíková, Eva; Urešová, Zdeňka; Hajič, Jan Piperidis, Stelios; Bel, Núria; Henk van den, Heuvel; Ide, Nancy; Toral, Antonio Despite substantial recent progress in many areas of NLP, semantic tasks remain particularly challenging. One such task is the creation (extension, or annotation) of semantic ontologies. In this work, we present a case study on the eventive SynSemClass ontology, focusing on the challenges of semantic annotation - that is extending the ontology with new lexical units and/or new concepts - both with and without automatic support. We consider two strategies for generating annotation suggestions: (i) a knowledge-driven approach based on a small, carefully curated corpus of verbal valency frames, and (ii) a corpus-driven approach using lemma-based suggestions from a large raw text collection, disregarding semantic homonymy. Our findings show that ontology annotation is inherently difficult, and that automatic annotations statistically significantly reduce this difficulty both in terms of inter-annotator agreement and when compared with gold expert annotations. We discuss the implications for semantic resource creation and extension, as well as the limits of automation in ontology annotation.; I přes podstatný pokrok v mnoha oblastech NLP zůstávají sémantické úkoly obzvláště náročné. Jedním z takových úkolů je vytvoření (rozšíření, nebo anotace) sémantických ontologií. V této práci předkládáme případovou studii o eventivní ontologii SynSemClass, která se zaměřuje na výzvy sémantické anotace - tedy rozšíření ontologie o nové lexikální jednotky a/nebo nové koncepty - s automatickou podporou i bez ní. Uvažujeme o dvou strategiích pro generování anotačních návrhů: (i) znalostní přístup založený na malém, pečlivě připraveném korpusu verbálních valenčních rámců a (ii) přístup řízený korpusem využívající lemma-based návrhy z velké neanotované textové kolekce, bez ohledu na sémantickou homonymii. Naše zjištění ukazují, že ontologická anotace je ze své podstaty obtížná a že automatické anotace statisticky významně snižují tuto obtížnost jak z hlediska mezianotační shody, tak ve srovnání se zlatými anotacemi. Diskutujeme o důsledcích pro tvorbu a rozšíření sémantických zdrojů, stejně jako o limitech automatizace v ontologické anotaci. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14178/3808 Beneficial Ownership and the Look-Through Approach Málek, Ondřej 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z